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[美] 戴恩 著 / 世界图书出版公司 / 2009-08 / 平装
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超对称和弦论(英文版)
TheStandardModelhasreignedtriumphantforthreedecades.Forjustaslong,theoristsandexperimentalistshavespeculatedaboutwhatmightliebeyond.Manyofthesespeculationspointtoaparticularenergyscale,theteraelectronvolt(TeV)scalewhichwillbeprobedforthefirsttimeattheLHC.Thestimulusforthesestudiesarisesfromthemostmysterious-andstillmissing-pieceoftheStandardModel:theHiggsboson.Precisionelectroweakmeasurementsstronglysuggestthatthisparticleiselementary(inthatanystructureislikelyfarsmallerthanitsComptonwavelength),andthatitshouldbeinamassrangewhereitwillbediscoveredattheLHC.Buttheexistenceoffundamentalscalarsispuzzlinginquantumfieldtheory,andstronglysuggestsnewphysicsattheTeVscale.Amongthemostprominentproposalsforthisphysicsisahypotheticalnewsymmetryofnature,supersymmetry,whichisthefocusofmuchofthistext.Others,suchastechnicolor,andlargeorwarpedextradimensions,arealsotreatedhere.
PrefaceAnoteonchoiceofmetricTextwebsitePart1Effectivefieldtheory:theStandardModel,supersymmetry,unification1BeforetheStandardModelSuggestedreading2TheStandardModel2.1Yan9—Millstheory2.2Realizationsofsymmetryinquantumfieldtheory2.3ThequantizationofYan9—Millstheories2.4TheparticlesandfieldsoftheStandardModel2.5Thegaugebosonmasses2.6QuarkandleptonmassesSuggestedreadingExercises3PhenomenologyoftheStandardModel3.1Theweakinteractions3.2Thequarkandleptonmassmatrices3.3Thestronginteractions3.4Therenormalizationgroup3.5Calculatingthebetafunction3.6Thestronginteractionsanddimensionaltransmutation3.7Confinementandlatticegaugetheory3.8Stronginteractionprocessesathighmomentumtransfer.SuggestedreadingExercises4TheStandardModelasaneffectivefieldtheory4.1Leptonandbaryonnumberviolation’4.2ChallengesfortheStandardModel4.3Thehierarchyproblem4.4Darkmatteranddarkenergy4.5Summary:successesandlimitationsoftheStandardModelSuggestedreading5Anomalies,instantonsandthestrongCPproblem5.1Thechiralanomaly5.2Atwo-dimensionaldetour5.3RealQCD5.4ThestrongCPproblem5.5PossiblesolutionsofthestrongCPproblemSuggestedreadingExercises6Grandunification6.1Cancellationofanomalies6.2Renormalizationofcouplings6.3BreakingtoSU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)6.4SU(2)×U(1)breaking6.5Chargequantizationandmagneticmonopoles6.6Protondecay6.7OthergroupsSuggestedreadingExercises7Magneticmonopolesandsolitons7.1Solitonsin1+1dimensions7.2Solitonsin2+1dimensions:stringsorvortices7.3Magneticmonopoles7.4TheBPSlimit’7.5Collectivecoordinatesforthemonopolesolution7.6TheWitteneffect:theelectricchargeinthepresenceofθ7.7Electric—magneticdualitySuggestedreadingExercises8Technicolor:afirstattempttoexplainhierarchies8.1QCDinaworldwithoutHiggsfields8.2Fermionmasses:extendedtechnicolor8.3PrecisionelectroweakmeasurementsSuggestedreadingExercisesPart2Supersymmetry9Supersymmetry9.1Thesupersymmetryalgebraanditsrepresentations9.2Superspace9.3N——1Lagrangians9.4Thesupersymmetrycurrents9.5Theground-stateenergyingloballysupersymmetrictheories9.6Somesimplemodels9.7Non-renormalizationtheorems9.8Localsupersymmetry:supergravitySuggestedreadingExercises10Afirstlookatsupersymmetrybreaking10.1Spontaneoussupersymmetrybreaking10.2Thegoldstinotheorem10.3Loopcorrectionsandthevacuumdegeneracy10.4Explicit,softsupersymmetrybreaking10.5SupersymmetrybreakinginsupergravitymodelsSuggestedreadingExercises11TheMinimalSupersymmetricStandardModel11.1SoftsupersymmetrybreakingintheMSSM11.2SU(2)U(I)breaking11.3WhyisoneHiggsmassnegative?11.4RadiativecorrectionstotheHiggsmasslimit11.5EmbeddingtheMSSMinsupergravity11.6The#term11.7ConstraintsonsoftbreakingsSuggestedreadingExercises12Supersymmetricgrandunification12.1Asupersymmetricgrandunifiedmodel12.2Couplingconstantunification12.3Dimension-fiveoperatorsandprotondecaySuggestedreadingExercises13Supersymmetricdynamics13.lCriteriaforsupersymmetrybreaking:theWittenindex13.2Gauginocondensationinpuregaugetheories13.3SupersymmetricQCD13.4Nf13.5ThesuperpotentialinthecaseNf13.6Nf=N-1:theinstanton-generatedsuperpotentialSuggestedreadingExercises14Dynamicalsupersymmetrybreaking14.1Modelsofdynamicalsupersymmetrybreaking14.2ParticlephysicsanddynamicalsupersymmetrybreakingSuggestedreadingExercises15Theorieswithmorethanfourconservedsupercharges15.1N=2theories:exactmodulispaces15.2Astillsimplertheory:N————4Yang-Mills15.3AdeeperunderstandingoftheBPScondition15.4Seiberg-WittentheorySuggestedreadingExercises16Moresupersymmetricdynamics16.1Conformailyinvariantfieldtheories16.2MoresupersymmetricQCD16.3Nf=Ne16.4Nf>N+I16.5Nf>3/2NSuggestedreadingExercises17Anintroductiontogeneralrelativity17.1Tensorsingeneralrelativity17.2Curvature17.3Thegravitationalaction17.4TheSchwarzschildsolution17.5FeaturesoftheSchwarzschiidmetric17.6Couplingspin0rstogravitySuggestedreadingExercises18Cosmology18.1Ahistoryoftheuniverse……Part3StringtheoryPart4TheappendicesReferencesIndex
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