目录 Introduction. Part I Thermodynamics of Ensembles of Classical Particles 1 Excitations in Simple Atomic Ensembles 1.1 Thermodynamics and Dynamics of particle Ensembles 1.2 Interaction of Inert Gas Atoms 1.3 Similarity Law for Simple Atomic Ensembles 1.4 Evolution of Particle Ensembles 1.5 Voids as Elementary Configurational Excitations 2 Structures of Ensembles of Interacting Particles 2.1 Close-Packed Structures 2.2 Shells in Close-Packed Structures 2.3 Lennard-Jones Crystal 2.4 Morse Crystal 2.5 Surface Energy of Lennard-Jones and Morse Crystals 2.6 Solid and Liquid Inert Gases Near the Triple Point 3 Thermodynamics of Dense Gases and Liquids 3.1 Equation of State for an Ensemble of Randomly Distributed Particles 3.2 Equilibrium of Gas and Condensed States 3.3 Liquid Surface Parameters 3.4 Peculiarities of Similarity for Inert Gases 3.5 Scaling Law for Molecular Systems 4 Clusters with Short-Range Interaction 4.1 Configurations of Solid Clusters with Pairwise Atomic Interactions 4.2 Peculiarities of Close-Packed Clusters with Short-Range Interaction 4.3 Constructing fcc-Clusters with Short-Range Interaction 4.4 Growth of fcc Clusters with Short-Range Atomic Interaction 4.5 Regular Clusters of Close-Packed Structures 4.6 Icosabedral Clusters 4.7 Competition of Icosahedral and Close-Packed Structures 5 Ensembles of Classical Particles with Repulsion 5.1 Thermodynamics of Ensembles of Repelling Particles 5.2 A System of Hard Spheres 5.3 Colloid Suspensions as Systems of Repelling Particles 5.4 Virial Theorem and Instability of Crystal Structure 5.5 Phase Transition for an Ensemble of Repelling Atoms 5.6 Phase Transitions in Inert Gases under High Pressure 5.7 Structures of an Ensemble of Repelling Particles at Low Temperatures Part II Configurational Excitations and Aggregate States of Ensembles of Classical Particles 6 Configurational Excitation and Voids in Ensembles of Bound Classical Atoms 6.1 Separation of Thermal and Configurational Degrees of Freedom of Clusters 6.2 Lattice Model for the Order-Disorder Phase Transition 6.3 Chemical Equilibria and Phase Transitions 6.4 Internal Voids in a System of Identical Particles 6.5 Void Formation in Two Dimensions 6.6 The Cell Model for Disk Particles 6.7 Peculiarities of Configurational Excitation for Bulk Atomic Systems 6.8 Two-State Approximation for Aggregate States Configuratinnal Cluster Excitation with Pairwise Interactions 7.1 Peculiarities of Configurational Excitation of Clusters 7.2 Structural Phase Transition in a Solid Cluster 7.3 Configurational Excitation of the Icosahedral Cluster of 13 Atoms 7.4 The Cluster as a Microcanonical Ensemble of Bound Atoms 7.5 The Cluster as a Canonical Ensemble of Bound Atoms 7.6 Configurational Excitation of the Icosahedral Cluster of 55 Atoms 7.7 Character of Configuration Transitions in Clusters Phase Transitions in Macroscopic Systems of Atoms... 8.1 Configurational Excitation of a Solid 8.2 Modified Lattice Model for Configurational Excitation ... 8.3 Parameters of Voids for Liquid Inert Gases 8.4 Voids in a Macroscopic System of Bound Atoms 8.5 Criterion of Existence of the Liquid State 8.6 Freezing Points for Bulk Inert Gases 8.7 General Liquid Properties Melting of Clusters and Bulk Atomic Ensembles 9.1 Entanglement of Thermal and Configurational Excitations in Clusters 9.2 Parameters of Melting 9.3 Contradiction Between the Melting Criterion and Its Nature 9.4 Definition of the Cluster Aggregate State 9.5 Voids as Gateways to Fluidity 9.6 Liquid-Gas Interface Part III Dynamics of Configurational Excitations in Ensembles of Classical Particles 10 Coexistence of Cluster Phases 10.1 Hierarchy of Equilibrium Times in Clusters 10.2 Character of Phase Coexistence in Clusters: Surface Melting 10.3 Two-Temperature Regime for Cluster Equilibrium 10.4 Entropy of an Isolated Cluster in the Two-State Approach.. 10.5 Temperatures of an Isolated Cluster Near the Melting Point 10.6 Cluster Heat Capacity Near the Phase Transition 11 Glassy States of an Ensemble of Bound Atoms 11.1 Glassy State from the Void Standpoint 11.2 Diffusion of Voids in a Bulk Ensemble of Atoms 11.3 Cell Model for Vacancy Diffusion Coefficients 11.4 Kinetics of Transitions Between Aggregate States 11.5 Formation of a Glassy State 11.6 Saturated Vapor Pressure Over a Surface in a Glassy State 11.7 Glassy State for an Ensemble of Repelling Particles 11.8 More Peculiarities of Glassy States for Simple Atomic Systems 12 Transport of Voids in Nucleation Processes 12.1 Peculiarities of Nucleation Processes 12.2 Transport of Voids in a Nonuniform Bulk Atomic System 12.3 Growth of a Solid Cluster Inside a Liquid as Transport of Voids 12.4 Wave Mechanism of the Phase Transition 13 Conclusion and Summary References Index
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