目录 总序 导读——第二语言研究中问卷调查法的特点及应用 Preface to the Second Edition IntrOductiOn Chapter 1 Questionnaires in Second Language Research 1.1 What Are“Questionnaires”and What Do They Measure? 1.1.1 What a Questionnaire Is Not 1.1.2 What Do Questionnaires Measure? 1.2 Using Questionnaires：Pros and Cons 1.2.1 Advantages 1.2.2 Disadvantages 1.3 Questionnaires in Quantitative and Qualitative Research Chapter 2 Constructing the Questionnaire 2.1 General Features 2.1.1 Length 2.1.2 Layout 2.1.3 Sensitive Topics and Anonymity 2.2 The Main Parts of a Questionnaire 2.2.1 Title 2.2.2 Instructions 2.2.3 Ouestionnaire Items 2.2.4 Additional Information 2.2.5 Final“Thank YDu” 2.3 Appropriate Sampling of the Questionnaire Content and the Significance of“Multi—Item Scales” 2.3.1 Appropriate Sampling ofthe Content 2.3.2 Using Multi—Item Scales 2.4 “Closed.Ended”Ouestionnaire Items 2.4.1 Rating Scales 2.4.2 Multiple—Choice Items 2.4.3 Rank Order Items 2.4.4 Numeric Items 2.4.5 Checklists 2.5 Open—Ended Questions 2.5.1 Specific Open Questions 2.5.2 clarification Questions 2.5.3 Sentence Completion Items 2.5.4 Short—Answer Questions 2.6 HOW to Write Good Items 2.6.1 Drawing Up an“Item Pool” 2.6.2 Rules About Writing Items 2.6.3 WrRing Sensitive Items 2.7 Grouping and Sequencing Items 2.7.1 Clear and Orderly Structure 2.7.2 Opening Questions 2.7.3 Factual(or“Personal”or“Classification”、Questions at the End 2.7.4 Open—Ended Questions at the End 2.8 Translating the Questionnaire 2.8.1 Translation as a Team—Based Approach 2.8.2 Translation with Limited Resources 2.9 Computer Programs for Constructing Questionnaires 2.10 Piloting the Questionnaire and Conducting Item Analysis 2.10.1 Initial Piloting of the Item Pool 2.1O.2 Final Piloting(\"Dress Rehearsal” 2.10.3 Item Analysis Chapter 3 Administering the Questionnaire. 3.1 Selecting the Sample 3.1.1 Sampling Procedures 3.1.2 How Large Should the Sample Be? 3.1.3 The Problem of Respondent Self.Selection 3.2 Main Types of Questionnaire Administration 3.2.1 Administration bv Mail 3.2.2 One—to—One Administration 3.2.3 Group Administration 3.2.4 Online Administration 3.3 Strategies to Increase the Quality and Quantity of Participant bResponse 3.3.1 Advance Notice 3.3.2 Attitudes Conveyed by Teachers，Parents，and Other Authority Figures 3.3.3 Respectable Sponsorship 3.3.4 The Presence of a Survey Administrator 3.3.5 The Behavior of the Survey Administrator 3.3.6 Communicating the Purpose and Significance ofthe Survey 3.3.7 Emphasizing Confidentiality 3.3.8 Reading Out the Questionnaire Instructions 3.3.9 The Style and Layout of the Questionnaire 3.3.10 Promising Feedback on the Results 3.4 Questionnaire Administration，Confidentiality,and Other Ethical Issues 3.4.1 Basic Ethical Principles of Data Collection 3.4.2 Obtaining Consent for Children 3.4.3 Strategies for Getting Around Anonymity Chapter 4 Processing Questionnaire Data 4.1 Coding Questionnaire Data 4.1.1 First Things First：Assigning Identification Codes 4.1.2 Coding Quantitative Data 4.2 Inputting the Data 4.2.1 Creating and Naming the Data File 4.2.2 Keying in the Data 4.3 Processing Closed Questions 4.3.1 Data Cleaning 4.3.2 Data Manipulation 4.3.3 Reducing the Number of Variables in the Questionnaire 4.3.4 Main Types of Questionnaire Data 4.3.5 Examining the Reliability and V.aliditV Ofthe Data 4.3.6 Statistical Procedures to Analyze Data 4.4 Content Analysis of Open—Ended Questions 4.5 Compmer Programs for Processing Questionnaire Data 4.6 Summarizing and Reporting Questionnaire Data 4.6.1 General Guidelines 4.6.2 Technical Information to Accompany Survey Results 4.6.3 Reader.Friendly Data Presentation Methods 4.7 Complementing Questionnaire Data with
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