第*章 词汇理解 答题攻略 词汇理解题的考查形式为：一篇长度约为250~300词的文章中有10个空格，文后附有15个单词，编号依次为A—O，要求考生从15个单词中选出10个单词分别填入文中的10个空格中，使文章完整，每个词不能重复使用。本题主要考查考生对篇章语境中词汇的理解和运用能力。 该题考查词汇的词义、词性、词形、固定搭配等方面的知识，也包括语篇的衔接等知识。备选的15个词一般以实词为主，名词和动词居多，其次为形容词和副词。答题时，考生可以依据语法知识，先确定备选单词的词性，再根据上下文语境，确定符合句意并且衔接上下文的单词，这样解答难度就会大大减小。下面将介绍这类题型的一般解题步骤： 一、观察备选单词，确定词性 在每个单词后面都标记好词性，一般为：名词n.、动词v.、形容词adj.和副词adv.。初步分类后还可以进行二次细分，如名词可以标出单数或复数、可数或不可数；动词可以标出原形、过去式（过去分词）或者第三人称单数形式。不知道词义的单词也可以根据后缀来猜测词性。考生平时应该多积累常用词缀及其含义。 二、通读全文，了解主旨和大意，理清文章逻辑 文章的主旨句一般在文章的第*句或*后一句，每段的大意通常在每段的第*句有所体现。此外，考生不仅要注意文章内表示逻辑关系的词语或者短语，如firstly，secondly，consequently，since then，in conclusion，in summary等，还要注意句内的逻辑关系。 三、逐空分析，确定选项 确定每空的选项需要结合多方面因素来考虑。语义需根据上下文语境、语义的连贯性、固定搭配等来判断；语法需根据词性、时态、逻辑关系等来判断。其中，利用语法知识确定空格单词的词性和词形*为重要，且应优先考虑。考生可以根据空格所在的句内成分来判断空格单词的词性，以对应备选单词中的相应词性。 四、重读文章，检查文章的复原情况 *后通读全文，检查语句是否通顺、意义是否明确、成分是否完整、语法是否正确。这时可以处理一些在做题时模棱两可的答案，结合排除法，再次确定答案的正确性。 第*节题型精讲 Passage 1 Households could save more than ￡400 a year on energy bills if clocks are not put back at the end of October, according to an expert, who said it would help people with the cost of living crisis and 1 pressure on the National Grid this winter. Evening energy demand peaks between 5pm and 7pm during winter, when the sun has already 2 after daylight savings time (DST). If clocks didn’t go back, it would remain light for at least part of this time, reducing carbon emissions and energy demand. Prof Aoife Foley, a clean energy expert at Queen’s University Belfast, said: “By simply 3 the winter DST in October, we save energy because we can reduce commercial and residential 4 demand as people leave work earlier, and go home earlier, meaning less lighting and heating is needed.” This would help the governments tackle the “energy war” in Europe, she said. “Dependent on weather conditions this winter it is very 5 we may need to start rationing energy very seriously to avoid bigger energy issues in December and January,” she said. There has long been debate over whether to scrap DST, which was 6 in 1916 to reduce energy demand. It still 7 some farmers, but is less popular among people who would prefer more light later in the day in winter, and is thought to cause sleep disturbance. It was 8 proposed in 1907 by William Willett, a builder and the great, great-grandfather of Coldplay’s Chris Martin, who is well known for the song Clocks. Some critics of scrapping daylight savings are 9 about road traffic collisions, but Foley’s research suggested most road deaths occur in good visibility during the day and outside built-up areas, and usually on a Friday, Saturday, Sunday and Monday, with speed, 10 and alcohol the main factors. A) likely F) reduce K) introduced B) quitting G) generated L) condition C) originally H) tiredness M) benefits D) concerned I) set N) electrical E) protecting J) formally O) duty Passage 2 If you think life is wonderful and expect it to stay that way, then you may have a good chance of living to a ripe old age, at least that is what the findings of a new study suggest. That study found that participants who reported the highest levels of optimism were far more likely to live to age 85 or 1 . This was compared to those participants who reported the lowest levels of optimism. It is 2 that the findings held even after the researchers considered factors that could 3 the link, including whether participants had health conditions such as heart disease or cancer, or whether they experienced depression. The results add to a growing body of evidence that certain psychological factors may predict a longer life 4 . For example, previous studies have found that more optimistic people have a lower risk of developing chronic diseases, and a lower risk of 5 death. However, the new study appears to be the first to 6 look at the relationship between optimism and longevity. The researchers 7 that the link found in the new study was not as strong when they factored in the effects of certain health behaviors, including exercise levels, sleep habits and diet. This suggests that these behaviors may, at least in part, explain the link. In other words, optimism may 8 good habits that bolster health. It is also important to note that the study found only a 9 , as researchers did not prove for certain that optimism leads to a longer life. However, if the findings are true, they suggest that optimism could serve as a psychological 10 that promotes health and a longer life. A) affect F) henceforth K) reconciled B) beyond G) lofty L) span C) conceded H) noteworthy M) specifically D) correlation I) plausibly N) spiral E) foster J) premature O) trait Passage 3 I’m always baffled when I walk into a pharmacy and see shelves bursting with various vitamins, extracts and other supplements, all promising to accelerate or promote weight loss. Aisles of marketing genius belie (掩饰) the fact that, 1 , weight loss is dictated by the laws of arithmetic. Economist Jessica Irvine wrote a book about how she used math to help her lose more than 18 kilograms. If calories taken in are less than calories 2 , weight shall be lost, and so it is with money. Despite the 3 of financial products, services and solutions geared towards accumulating wealth, it all begins with the same 4 : getting ahead financially requires a reduction of spending, so that income is greater than expenses. I was reminded of this again recently listening to an interview with Nicole Haddow, the author of Smashed Avocado, explaining how she cracked the property market at 31. It was quite a 5 , given where she had been two years earlier. Nicole didn’t celebrate her 30th birthday as she had 6 . She was sobbing at the dinner table with her parents, with whom she had just moved back in. She had no stable income, $12,000 in credit-card debt and no plan, but to her 7 , her father, an accountant, told her that her financial 8 wasn’t as bad as she thought. He said, on her income, with some changes, she would be able to buy an investment unit within two years, which she did. Nicole admitted she was fortunate, as she was able to live with her parents and 9 her spending—and life—to get herself on track financially. Creating a gap between her income and spending required a paradigm shift and 10 sacrifice and commitment, but by going into financial lockdown, Nicole gained financial independence. A) abundance F) expended K) permanently B) astonishment G) feat L) plight C) entailed H) fiscally M) prosper D) envisaged I) impetus N) shatter E) equation J) overhaul O) ultimately Passage 4 Everybody likes a compliment. Yet, how many of us have had a kind, complimentary thou
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