Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter1 What is research?
Introduction
Research as a matural process
Scientific research and common sense
Finding answers:How do we know something?
Basic,applied,and practical research
Summary
Activities
References
Chapter2 A paradigm for second language research
Research and the phenomena of second language
Four parameters for second language research
Parameter 1:Synthetic and ananlytic approaches
Parameter 2:Heuristic and deducticve objectives
Parameter 3:Control and manipulation of the research context
Parameter 4:Data and data collection
Summary
Activities
References