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[美] 安德森 (Anderson P.W.) 著 / 世界图书出版公司 / 2014-05 / 平装
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经典物理学丛书(影印版)·固体中的概念:固体理论讲义
ThesenoteswereforacoursegivenattheCavendishLaboratory,Cambridge,inthefallandwintertermsof1961-1962.Nominally,itwasforsecond-andthird-yeargraduate
studentswhohadhadasurveycourseinsolid-statephysics,andwereinterested(atleast)intheory;butIassumedverylittefonnaltheoreticalbackground.Ithinkthenorescanbereadbyanyonewhohashadathoroughcourseinquantummechanics,butthereaderwhoknowssomethingaboutsolidswillfindthemmucheasier,andwillalsonotbemisguidedbymyratherarbitraryandspecializedchoiceofmaterial.
Theideaofthecoursewastoteachanumberofcentralconceptsofsolid-statephysics,tryingtochoosethose-bandtheory,nearlyfreeelectrons,effectiveHamilto-niantheory,elementaryexcitations,brokensymmetry-whichlayasnearaspossibletowhatIconsidertobethemainstreamofdevelopmentofthesubject.Suchachoiceisnecessarilyarbitrary-whosefields,suchasdislocationtheory,transporttheoryandfluctuation-dissipationtheorems,magneticresonancetheoryinallitsforms,andcriticalfluctuations,whichcouldeasilybearguedtobequiteasimportant,wereignored,simplybecausethecoursewasoff/nitelength.Mychoiceofexampleswasevenmorearbitrary.Forinstance,thechoicesoftheelectricfieldcaseofeffectiveHamiltoniantheoryandofexcitonstoillustratecollectiveexcitationsweremadebecauseIthoughtthestudentswerelikelytoencounterthemoreusualexampleselsewhere.Fromtimetotime,toliventhecourseupabit,Iintroducedoriginalmaterial;thediscussionsofthelimitationsofnearlyfreeelectrontheory,ofthephilosophiesofelementaryexcitationtheory,andofbrokensymmetryarenew,andthatofthemagneticstateisnotwidelyavailable.
Thelanguageandpresentationareveryinformal;veryfewchangesweremadefrommyoriginallecturenotesaswritten.Imightaddthatlittleefforthasbeenmadetobringthemuptodate.BothIinutationsareofcourseimplicitintheideaofalecturenotevolume.
P.W.Anderson,PhilipW.AndersonhasbeentheJosephHenryProfessorofPhysicsatPrincetonUniversitysince1978.ProfessorAndersonreceivedhisPh.D.inphysicsfromHarvardUniversityin1949.HereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1977forworkincondensedmatterphysics.HehastaughtatCambridgeUniversity(1967-1975)andhasbeenaFellowandHonoraryFellowatJesusCollege(1969-1975)andaVisitingFellowatChurclullCollege,CambridgeUniversity(1961-1962).From1949to1984Dr.AndersonservedatBellLaboratoriesasChairmanoftheTheoreticalPhysicsDepartment(1959-1961),AssistantDirectorofthePhysicalResearchLaboratory(1974-1976)andasConsultingDirectorofthePhysicalResearchLaboratory(1976-1984).InadditiontotheNobelPrize,ProfessorAnderson'shonorsincludetheOliverE.BuckjeyPrizeoftheAPS(1964),theDannieHeinemanPrizeoftheAcademyofScienceatGottinger(1975),theGuthrieMedalandPrize(1978),theNationalMedalofScience(1983),theForeignAssociationAcademiaLincei(1985)andanHonoraryFellowshipfromtheInstiruteofPhysics(1985).HeisamemberoftheAmericanPhilosophicalSocietyandhasbeenaForeignFellowoftheIndianAcademyofSciences,aForeignFellowoftheJapanAcademyofSciences,aForeignMembertotheRoyalSocietyandhasbeenamemberoftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesandtheNationalAcademyofSciencesCouncil.HehaslecturedattheUniversityofWisconsin,DukeUniversity,theUniversityofCalifomiaatSanDiego,andHarvardUniversity.
1.IntroductionA.PreparationandTextsB.PlanoftheCourseCGeneralitiesandClassificationofSolids2.One-ElectronTheoryA.Hartree-FockTheory1.GeneralPhilosophyofHartree-Fock2.DerivationofSelf-ConsistentEquations:SecondQuantizationB.EnergyBandsinSolids1.PerturbationTheoryforWeakPeriodicPotential:BrillouinandJoneZonesandSymmetrizedPlaneWaves2.TheCellularMethod:QuantitativeCalculationofBindingEnergy3.ExchangeandCorrelationintheFree-ElectronGas4.TheO.P.W.MethodC.One-ElectronBandTheoryinthePresenceofPerturbingFields1.Introduction2.WeaklyBoundImpurityStates3.MotioninExternalFields4.Breakdown"Effects5.RigorousBasisofEffectiveHamiltonianTheory3.ElementaryExcitationsA.TheIdeaofElementaryExcitations:GeneralitiesonMany-BodyTheory1.TheVariationalTheorem2.TheExclusionPrinciple3.Screening4.TheConceptofElementaryExcitationsB.TheN+1BodyProblem1.Quasi-Particles2.EffectsofPhononsintheN+1BodyProblemC.Quasi-ParticlesinMetals:TheFermiLiquidD.CollectiveExcitations1.Excitons2.SpinWaves:HeisenbergHamiltonianandtheMagneticState3.FerromagneticSpinWaves4.AntiferromagneticSpinWavesand"BrokenSymmetry"Bibliography
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