基本粒子及其相互作用：概念和唯象论

Thelastfewdecadeshaveseenmajoradvancesinthephysicsofelementaryparticles.Newgenerationsofparticleacceleratorsanddetectorshavecomeintooperation,andhavesuccessfullycontributedtoimprovingthequantityandqualityofdataondiverseinteractionprocessesandtothediscoveriesofwholenewfamiliesofparticles.Atthesametime,importantnewideashaveemergedinquantumfieldtheory,culminatinginthedevelopmentsoftheoriesfortheweakandstronginteractionstocomplementquantumelectrodynam-ics,thetheoryoftheelectromagneticforce.Thesimplestofthenewtheoriesthatareatthesametimemathematicallyconsistentandphysicallysuccessfulconstitutewhatisknownasthestandardmodelofthefundamentalinterac-tions.Thisbookisanattempttopresenttheseremarkableadvancesatanelementarylevel,makingthemaccessibletostudentsfamiliarwithquantummechanics,specialrelativity,andclassicalelectrodynamics.

1ParticlesandInteractions：AnOverview
1．1APreview
1．2Particles
1．2．1Leptons
1．2．2Quarks
1．2．3Hadrons
1．3Interactions
1．4Symmetries
1．5PhysicalUnits
Problems
SuggestionsforFurtherReading

2B080nFields
2．1LorentzSymmetry
2．1．1LorentzTraIlsformations
2．1．2TensorAlgebra
2．1．3llensorFields
2．2ScalarFields
2．2．1Space-TimeTranslationofaScalarField
2．2．2LorentzTransformationofaScalarField
2．3VectorFields
2．4TheKlein-GordonEquation
2．4．1Free-PatticleSolutions
2．4．2ParticleProbability
2．4．3SecondQuantization
2．4．4OperatorAlgebra
2．4．5PhysicalSignificanceoftheFockOperators
2．5QuantizedVectorFields
2．5．1MaesiveVectorFields
2．5．2TheMaxwellEquations
2．5．3QuantizationoftheElectromagneticField
2．5．4FieldEnergyandMomentum
2．6TheAction
2．6．1TheEuler-LagrangeEquation
2．6．2ConservedCurrent
Problems
SuggestionsforFurtherReading

3FermionFields
3．1TheDiracEquation
3．2LorentzSymmetry
3．2．1CovarianceoftheDiracEquation
3．2．2SpinoftheDiracField
3．2．3BilinearCovariants
3．3Free．ParticleSolutions
3．3．1NormalizedSpinors
3．3．2CompletenessRelations
3．3．3Helicities
3．4TheLagrangianforaFreeDiracParticle
3．5QuantizationoftheDiracField
3．5．1SpinsandStatistics
3．5．2DiracFieldObservables
3．5．3F0ckSpace
3．6Zero-MassFermions
Problems
SuggestionsforFurtherReading

4CollisionsandDecays
4．1InteractionRepresentation
4．1．1TheThreePictures
4．1．2TimeE：volutionintheInteractionPicture
4．1．3TheS．matrix
4．2Cross．SectionsandDecayRares
4．2．1GeneralFormulas
4．2．2Two-BodyReactiontoTwo-BodyFinalStates
4．2．3DecayRates
4．3InteractionModels
4．4DecayModesofScalarParticles
4．4．1NeutralDecayMode
4．4．2ChargedDecayMode
4．5PionScattering
4．5．1TheScalarBosonPropagator
4．5．2ScatteringProcesses
4．5．3SummaryandGeneralization
4．6Electron-ProtonScattering
4．6．1TheElectromagneticInteraction
4．6．2Electron-ProtonScatteringCross-Section
4．7Electron-PositronAnnihilation
4．8ComptonScattering
Problems
SuggestionsforFurtherReading

5DiscreteSymmetries
5．1Parity
5．1．1ParityinQuantumMechanics
5．1．2ParityinFieldTheories
5．1.3ParityandInteractions
5．2TimeInversion
5．2．1TimeInversioninQuantumMechanics
5．2．2TimeInversioninFieldTheories
5．2．3丁andInteractions
5．3ChargeConjugation
5．3．1AdditiveQuantumNumbers
5．3．2ChargeConjugationinFieldTheories
5．3．3Interactions
5．4TheCPTTheorem
5．4．1ImplicationsofCPTInvariance
5．4．2C．P，T．andCPT
Problems
SuggestionsforFurtherReading

6HadtonsandIsospln
6．1ChargeSymmetryandChargeIndependence
6．2NucleonFieldinIsospinSpace
6．3PionFieldinIsospinSpace
6．4G．Parity
6．4．1NucleonandPionFields
6．4．2OtherUnflavoredHadrons
6．5IsospinofStrangeParticles
6．6IsospinViolations
6．6．1ElectromagneticInteractions
6．6．2WlealcInteractions
Problems
SuggestionsforFurtherReading

7QuarksandSU(3)Symmetry
7．1Isospin：SU(2)Symmetry
7．2Hypercharge：SU(31Symmetry
7．2．1TheFundamentalRepresentation
7．2．2Higher．DimensionalRepresentations
7．2．3PhysicalSignificanceofF3andF3
7．2．43×3*EqualMesons
7．2．53×3×3EqualBaryons
7．3MassSplittingoftheHadronMultiplets
7．3．1Baryons
7．3．2Mesons
7．4IncludingSpin：SU(6)
7．4．1Mesons
7．4．2Baryons
7．4．3Application：MagneticMomentsofHadrons
7．5TheColorofQuarks
7．6TheNewParticles
7．6．1J／tf，andCharm
7．6．2TheTaULepton
7．6．3FromBottomtoToP
Problems
SuggestionsforFurtherReading

8GaugeFieldTheories
8．1SymmetriesandInteractions
8．2AbelianGaugeInvariance
8．3Non．AbelianGaugeInvariance
8．4QuantumChromodynamics
8．5SpontaneousBreakingofGlobalSymmetries
8．5．1TheBasicIdea
8．5．2BreakdownofDiscreteSymmetry
8．5．3BreakdownofAbelianSymmetry
8．5．4BreakdownofNon-AbelianSymmetry
8．6SpontaneousBreakingofLocalSymmetries
8．6．1AbelianSymmetry
8．6．2Non．AbelianSymmetry
Problems
SuggestionsforFurtherReading

9TheStandardModeloftheElectroweakInteraction
9．1TheWleakInteractionBeforetheGaugeTheories
9．2Gauge．InvariantModelofOne．LeptonFamily
9．2．1GlobalSymmetry
9．2．2GaugeInvariance
……