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[美] 刘易斯 、[美] 希尔 著 / 外语教学与研究出版社 / 2009-07 / 平装
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语言教学实用技巧
“圣智英语教师丛书”精选自圣智学习出版公司出版的当代语言教育领域的力作,由当今国际语言教育界的权威人士编著,国内英语教育界专家、学者撰写导读。丛书选题涵盖外语教学理论、语言教学技能和实践、学法指导、课程设计、语言测试与评估、外语教学科研方法、师资发展、语境和文化教学以及教学法等诸多领域,能够满足目前英语教师适应新课改的迫切需要。本丛书既可用作英语教师专业化教育与发展和英语专业硕士研究生教育的教材,同时也是语言教育研究者必备的参考书。
IntroductionChapter1BasicPrinciples1-StudentandTeacher1.Learningismoreimportantthanteaching.2.Teachthestudents,notthebook.3.Involvestudentsinthelearningprocess.4.Donttellstudentswhattheycantellyou.5.Showyourreactionstowhatstudentssay.6.Studentsneedpractice,notyou.7.Dontemphasisedifficulties.8.Varywhatyoudo,andhowyoudoit.9.Select!10.Activitiesandrelationshipsintheclassroomchange.11.Studentsneedtoleamhowtolearn.12.Usefulandfunisbetterthaneitheralone.13.Wealllearnbestwhenwearerelaxed.14.Studentscanbesilent,butstillinvolved.Chapter2BasicPrinciples2-LaneuaaeandLanaua~eLearning,1.Languageteachingisteachinglanguage.2.Languagesaredifferent.3.Languageiswhat,howandwhy.4.Levelisacomplexidea.5.Naturallanguagehasaplaceinallcourses.6.Knowingthelanguageisnotenough.7.Mostlanguageskillscanbedividedintosub-skills.8.Hear,speak,read,writeisagoodsequence.9.Languagelearningiscyclical.10.Languageisusedfordifferentpurposesintheclassroom.11.Donotbeafraidofthestudentsmothertongue.12.Motorskillsneedpractice.13.Distinguishclearlybetweenaccuracyandfluencypractices.14.Interestingcommunicativetasksincreasemotivation.15.Youlearntospeakbylistening,Chapter3ClassroomManagementandGeneralTips1.Arrangetheseatingtohelp.2.Standupwhenyouredirectingactivity.3.Lookatthestudents.4.Useyourhandstoencourageanddirectstudents.5.Usethebackofyourhandtopoint.6.Usepausestopunctuatewhatyousay.7.Varyyourvoice.8.Keepyourlanguagetoaminimumwhenstudentsaredoingsomething.9.Dontcommentate.10.Dontbeafraidofsilence.11.Dontbeafraidofnoise.12.Usepairworktoincreasestudenttalkingtime——evenifitseemschaos.13.Usegroupworktoincreasestudenttalkingtime.14.Beexplicit.15.DontaskDoyouunderstand.16.Dontgoroundtheclassifindividualscanprepareparticularexam-ples.17.Admityourignorance.18.Consultcolleagues.19.Consultstudents.20.Demonstrate,ratherthanexplain,newactivities.21.Exploitrealevents.22.Dividetheblackboard.23.Usetheoverheadprojectortocontrolwhatstudentssee.24.Machinerywillnotsolveallyourproblems.25.Expand,dontclutter.Chapter4Preparation1.Prepareyourself.2.Coursesandlessonsneedanoverallstructure.3.Dontletthebookdictate.4.Donotpreparetoomuchortoorigidly.5.Preparationmustbeconcrete.6.Aidsareonlyaidsiftheyhelp.7.Neverignorethepracticaldifficulties.8.Agoodlessonhasabeginning,amiddleandanend.Chapter5Techniques-Listening1.Listeningcanbedividedintosub-skills.2.Directstudentslistening,particularlyifitistaped.3.Listeningtoatapeisdifficult.4.Letstudentsheartherealthingfromearlyintheircourse.5.Makesurestudentscanhearthedifferencebetweensimilarsounds.6.Useavarietyoflistenandrespondactivities.Chapter6Techniques-Speechwork1.Donotdistortwhengivingamodel.2.Themodelmustremainthesame.3.Usechoralpronunciation.4.Conductchoralpronunciationdecisively.5.Movearoundtheroomwhendoingchoralpronunciation.6.Keepyourlanguagetoaminimuminpronunciationpractices.7.Varyyourcriterionofgoodinpronunciationpractice.8.Articulationisanimportantfirststepinpractice.9.Itishelpfultodoamculationpracticesmorethanonce.10.BringvarietytoSayafterme.11.Somethingwhichisnotarealwordsometimeshelps.12.Thereisnosuchthingasthec-hsound.13.Themaincriteriaforpronunciationareconsistencyandintelligibility.14.Teachintonationbyback-chaining.15.Dontexplainintonation,demonstrate.16.Showstress,pitchandintonationvisually.17.Refertostressandintonationevenwhennotspecificallyteachingit.Chapter7Techniques-Structure1.Encouragestudentstoseepatterns.2.Goodrulescanhelpstudents.3.Understandinginvolvesexample,explanation,andpractice.4.Terminologycanhelporhinder.5.Fillinginafill-inexerciseisnotenough.6.Studentsneedtopractiseformaswellasuse.7.Thereisaplacefororalandwrittenpractices.8.Usegimmickstocombatpopularmistakes.9.Usebeehiveswithlargeclasses.10.Mostlanguagegamesarestructurepractices.11.Freesituationsareimportant.12.Grammarcanbefun.13.Grammarisareceptiveskill,too.14.Teachwordgrammaraswellassentencegrammar.Chapter8Techniques-Correction1.Mistakesareanaturalpartofthelearningprocess.2.Givestudentsthechancetocorrectthemselves.3.Involvetheclass.4.Isolatetheproblem.5.Thestudentmustusethecorrectlanguage.6.Therearemanykindsofmistakes.7.Correctingregisterandappropriacyneedstact.8.Correctpromptlyforaccuracy,afterwardsforfluency.9.Dontover-correct.10.Re-formulationisoftenbetterthancorrection.11.Useacodetocorrectwrittenwork.12.Useclassdiscussionasamethodofcorrectingwrittenwork.Chapter9Techniques——Vocabulary1.Avocabularyitemcanbemorethanoneword.2.Donotdiscussthestructureoflexicalitems.3.Thereisadifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevocabulary.4.Explaindifferenceofmeaning,notmeaning.5.Wordsareoftenbesttaughtingroups.6.Varythewayyouexplain.7.Wordscanhnkgrammaticallyaswellasthematically.8.Recordwordstogetherwhichoccurtogether.Chapter10Techniques——Texts1.Differenttextshavedifferentuses.2.Toomany,newwordsmakeatextimpossible.3.Nothingisinterestingifyoucantdoit.4.Usepre-activitiestofocusstudentsattention.5.Distinguishbetweenintensiveandextensivereading.6.Donotaskstudentstoreadaloudunseen.7,Varythemethodofreading.8.Useshortquestionsduringintensivereading.9.DontaskWhatdoes...mean?.Usedefinitionquestions.10.Studentscannotusewhattheycannotsay.11.Difficultwordsarenotthesameaslongwords.12.Correctionquestions"promptstudentlanguage.13.Notallcomprehensionquestionscheckunderstanding,14.Usecomprehensionandconversationquestionstogether.15.Ifyoureadadialogue,distinguishthetwospeakersclearlyChapter11Techniques——Conversation1.Exploitopportunitiesforshortspontaneousconversations.2.Dontflogadeadhorse.3.Encouragecontributionswithoutinterfering.4.Conversationdoesnotneedtobeaboutseriousissues.5.Provocativestatementsareoftenbetterthanquestions.6.Problemsolvingisoftenanexcellentbasisforconversation.7.Encourageactivelistening.Chapter12SomeMisunderstoodLanguagePoints1.some/any2.TheFuture3.Continuousforms4.go-went-gone5.Countableanduncountablenouns6.can/could7.must/haveto8.Tags9.Auxiliaries10.(do)asthedummyauxiliaryFurtherReading
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