BertrandRussell(1872-1970),wasaBritishphilosopher,logician,mathematician,historian,religiousskeptic,socialreformer,socialistandpacifist.AlthoughhespentthemajorityofhislifeinEngland,hewasborninWales,wherehealsodied.RussellledtheBritish"revoltagainstidealism"intheearly1900sandisconsideredoneofthefoundersofanalyticphilosophyalongwithhisprotegeWittgensteinandhiselderFrege.Hewasaprominentanti-waractivist,championingfreetradebetweennationsandanti-imperialism.RussellwasimprisonedforhispacifistactivismduringWorldWarI,campaignedagainstAdolfHitler,fornucleardisarmament,criticisedSoviettotalitarianismandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica'sinvolvementintheVietnamWar.In1950,RussellwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,"inrecognitionofhisvariedandsignificantwritingsinwhichhechampionshumanitarianidealsandfreedomofthought."