part i translation between english and chinese unit 1 general introduction to translation3 unit 2 parison between chinese and english language10 unit 3 translation skill (1) amplification & omission16 unit 4 translation skill (2) conversion & negation26 unit 5 translation skill (3) rendering of passive voice43 unit 6 translation skill (4) rendering of attributive & adverbial clauses51 unit 7 translation skill (5) rendering of long sentences64 unit 8 translation of scientific papers72 part ii academic writing and presentation unit 1 general introduction to academic writing89 unit 2 title, author, affiliation and key words108 unit 3 abstract117 unit 4 introduction130 unit 5 literature review138 unit 6 result, discussion and conclusion147 unit 7 preparing oral presentation153 bibliography185