1 āidiào 哀吊 Essay of Mourning and Essay of Memory ………… 1 2 āijǐng-xiělè 哀景写乐 Depict Sorrowful Scenery to Express Happiness ………… 3 3 bāyīn-kèxié 八音克谐 Harmonious Combination of Eight Sounds ………… 4 4 báimiáo 白描 Plain Line Drawing ………… 5 5 bǎixì 百戏 Baixi(All Performing Arts) ………… 7 6 bēikǎi 悲慨 Depressed and Enraged ………… 8 7 běiqǔ 北曲 Northern Opera ………… 10 8 běnsè 本色 Bense (Original Character) ………… 12 9 bǐdé 比德 Virtue Comparison ………… 15 10 biānsàishī 边塞诗 Frontier Poetry ………… 16 11 biàntǐ 辨体 Style Differentiation ………… 17 12 biāojǔ-xìnghuì 标举兴会 Distinctiveness and Spontaneity ………… 19 13 biécái-biéqù 别材别趣 Distinct Subject and Artistic Taste ………… 21 14 biéjí别集 Individual Collection ………… 23 15 bù nián bù tuō, bù jí bù lí 不黏不脱，不即不离 Neither Obsessed with Nor Detached from the Objects Depicted ………… 24 16 bùpíngzémíng 不平则鸣 Cry Out Against Injustice ………… 26 17 bù shè lǐlù, bù luò yánquán 不涉理路，不落言筌 Dispense with Theory and Logic; Take Care Not to Fall into Traps of Language ………… 28 18 bùsìzhīsì 不似之似 Dissimilar in Form but Similar in Spirit ………… 29 19 bù xué 《shī》, wú yǐ yán 不学《诗》，无以言 You Won’t Be Able to Talk Properly with Others Without Studying The Book of Songs. ………… 32 20 cǎoshū 草书 Cursive Script ………… 33 …… 141 nóngdàn 浓淡 Denseness and Lightness ………… 227 142 piāoyì 飘逸 Natural Grace ………… 228 143 pǐntí 品题 Make Appraisals ………… 229 144 qízhèng 奇正 Qi or Zheng (Surprise or Normal) ………… 231 145 qìgǔ 气骨 Qigu (Emotional Vitality and Forcefulness) ………… 233 146 qìxiàng 气象 Prevailing Features ………… 235 147 qìyùn 气韵 Artistic Appeal ………… 236 148 qiānxiǎnɡ-miàodé 迁想妙得 Inspirational Creation Based on Association in Thinking ………… 238 149 qiǎozhuō 巧拙 Cleverness and Clumsiness ………… 240 150 qīngcí-lìjù 清词丽句 Refreshing Words and Exquisite Expressions ………… 242 151 qínɡfāyúshēnɡ 情发于声 Feelings Find Expression in Musical Poetry. ………… 243 152 qínɡ jiān yǎyuàn 情兼雅怨 A Mixed Quality of Grace and Sorrow ………… 244 153 qínɡjiào 情教 Moral Instruction Carried Out with Emotion ………… 246 154 qíngjǐng 情景 Sentiment and Scenery ………… 248 155 qíng yǐ wù qiān, cí yǐ qíng fā 情以物迁，辞以情发 Feeling Varies with Scenery and Verbal Expression Arises from Feeling. ………… 249 156 Qū-Sòng 屈宋 The Qu-Song Duo ………… 251 157 qǔ 曲 Qu (Melody) ………… 252 158 qǔjìnɡ 取境 Qujing (Conceptualize an Aesthetic Feeling) ………… 254 159 qù 趣 Qu ………… 255 160 quànbǎi-fěngyī 劝百风一 Much Blandishment and Little Criticism ………… 257 …… 281 zhāngjù 章句 Textual Components / Annotation Work ………… 452 282 zhàocè 诏策 Imperial Edicts ………… 454 283 zhèngshēng 正声 Proper Music / Finest Poetry ………… 456 284 Zhènɡshǐ tǐ 正始体The Zhengshi Literary Style ………… 457 285 zhènɡshēnɡ 郑声 The Music of the State of Zheng ………… 458 286 zhīyīn 知音 Resonance and Empathy ………… 460 287 zhíxún 直寻 Direct Quest ………… 461 288 zhǐchǐ yǒu wànlǐ zhī shì 咫尺有万里之势 Power of Landscape Within Inches ………… 462 289 zhìlè-wúlè 至乐无乐 Utmost Happiness Lies in Not Aware of the Happiness. ………… 465 290 zhìshìzhīyīn 治世之音 Music of an Age of Good Order ………… 466 291 zhūgōngdiào 诸宫调 Song-speech Drama ………… 467 292 zhǔ wén ér jué jiàn 主文而谲谏 Admonition Through Tactful Wording ………… 469 293 zhùméng 祝盟 Benediction and Vow of Allegiance ………… 470 294 zhuǎnyì-duōshī 转益多师 Learn from Many Masters, and Form Your Own Style ………… 472 295 zīwèi 滋味 Nuanced Flavor ………… 474 296 zǐzhīduózhū 紫之夺朱 Purple Prevailing over Red ………… 475 297 zìrán-yīngzhǐ 自然英旨 Charm of Spontaneity ………… 476 298 zǒngjí 总集 General Collection / Anthology ………… 478 299 zòuqǐ 奏启 Memorial or Statement to Present One’s View to the Emperor ……… 480 300 zūnbēi-biǎntiè 尊碑贬帖 Praising Stone Inscriptions while Belittling Copying from tone Rubbings ………… 482 附录 Appendices 中国历史年代简表 A Brief Chronology of Chinese History ………… 484 人名索引 Index of Names ………… 486 著作名索引 Index of Cited Works ………… 493 术语条目笔画索引 Concepts Listed in Order of Number of Strokes ………… 505 【书摘与插画】 选体 /《Xuǎn》 tǐ, xuǎntǐ Xuanti Poetry / Poetry in Prince Zhaoming’s Favorite Style 主要指南朝梁昭明太子萧统（501 — 531）《文选》中所收汉魏以来的五言古诗。但这一概念后来超越了单纯的诗歌体式而兼具时代特征与诗歌风格等含义。在体式上，“选体”是与乐府、歌行、律绝并列的概念，在古人眼光中，它几乎就是五言古诗的代名词，是诗家创作五古的范式；在风格上，“选体”有典雅、翰藻、新创三个主要特征；从时代看，“选体”接续风骚，历跨汉魏、晋宋、齐梁。唐代以后，文论家多用“选体”这一术语来评诗、论诗。但“选体”派强调模仿古人，为此受到后来一些锐意创新的文人的批评。 This refers mainly to the five-character-a-line poems of the Han and Wei dynasties in Selections of Refined Literature compiled by Xiao Tong (501-531), Crown Prince Zhaoming of the Liang Dynasty during the Southern Dynasties. Later, this term meant not just a specific type of poetry, but also both the prevailing poetic features of an era and general poetic style. Poems of this style were regarded as in the same rank as yuefu (乐府) poetry, which were folk songs and ballads collected and compiled by the Han government office in charge of musical preservation, or any poetic imitation equally suitable for musical composition, as well as gexing (歌行), which were odes to events or physical objects in free-verse form, and lüjüe (律绝), or poetry with fixed patterns. To poetic critics in later generations, xuanti (选体) poetry was synonymous with five-character poetry and was a standard way to write poems with five characters per line. In terms of style, it is elegant, richly colorful, and innovative. This type of poetry inherited the poetic tradition all the way from The Book of Songs and Odes of Chu to the Han and Wei dynasties, the Jin Dynasty, and the Song, Qi, and Liang during the Southern Dynasties. From the Tang Dynasty onward, many literary critics used the term “xuanti poetry” as a standard in their comments on poetry. This poetic style was criticized later by some creative-minded poets for its excessive emphasis on following the classical tradition. 引例 Citations： ◎五言诗，三百五篇中间（jiàn）有之,逮汉魏苏、李、曹、刘之作,号为“《选》体”。（刘克庄《林子（xiǎn）》） （五言诗在《诗经》中只是间或出现，到汉魏时期苏武、李陵、曹操、刘桢等人的创作［才得以定形，又因《文选》收录，故而］被称为“《文选》体”。） Five-character-a-line poems were found occasionally in The Book of Songs. By the Han and Wei dynasties, Su Wu, Li Ling, Cao Cao, and Liu Zhen had written more five-character-a-line poems and established the style. These poems were collected in Selections of Refined Literature and therefore the style is known as the xuanti style. (Liu Kezhuang: Preface to A Collection of Poems by Lin Zixian) ◎昭明选古诗，人遂以其所选者为“古诗”，因而名古诗曰“选体”。唐人之古诗曰“唐选”。呜呼！非惟古诗亡，几并古诗之名而亡之矣。（钟惺《诗归·序》） （昭明太子选古诗，后人于是把他所选的诗称为古诗，因此就称古诗为“选体”。唐代人创作的古诗叫做“唐选”。可惜啊！不仅古诗消亡了，就连“古诗”这一名称也跟着消亡了。） Prince Zhaoming selected ancient poems, which people of later generations would call “ancient poems.” They were also known as xuanti poetry or poetry in Prince Zhaoming’s favorite style. The works by Tang-dynasty poets were called Tang xuanti poetry. But now, alas, ancient poetry has become extinct; even the term itself is sadly forgotten. (Zhong Xing: Preface to The Purport of Poetic Creation)
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