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超弦和M理论导论(第2版)
超弦和M理论是现代物理学中最有趣最活跃的研究课题之一。该问题比较困难同时也充满争议,一些人称之为“终极理论”,这是因为超弦理论有可能解决困扰人们多年的难题,即统一二十世纪最伟大的两个理论:广义相对论和量子场论。《超弦和M理论导论(第2版)》全面细致地讲解超弦理论和该领域的最新研究进展,内容包括四维超弦,Kac-Moody代数,Teichmuller空间和Calabi-Yau流形,M理论和D膜,对偶和BPS关系,矩阵模型等,可以作为研究生教材,同时对研究人员也有参考价值。作者首先简要介绍了点粒子理论,然后利用费曼路径积分详细讨论超弦理论。超弦研究需要很多数学工具,书中分别作了介绍,如指标定理,同调论和Kahler流形等。在第二版中,作者对内容做了整体修订,并添加了M理论的三个新章节。阅读《超弦和M理论导论(第2版)》需要量子力学和相对论的基本知识。
读者对象:理论物理、高能物理、场论和弦论等专业的高年级本科生、研究生和相关专业的科研人员。
作者:(美国)加来道雄
PrefaceAcknowledgmentsⅠFirstQuantizationandPathIntegrals1PathIntegralsandPointParticles1.1WhyStrings?1.2HistoricalReviewofGaugeTheory1.3PathIntegralsandPointParticles1.4RelativisticPointParticles1.5FirstandSecondQuantization1.6Faddeev-PopovQuantization1.7SecondQuantization1.8HarmonicOscillators1.9CurrentsandSecondQuantization1.10SummaryReferences2Nambu-GotoStrings2.1BosonicStrings2.2Gupta-BleulerQuantization2.3LightConeQuantization2.4BRSTQuantization2.5Trees2.6FromPathIntegralstoOperators2.7ProjectiveInvarianceandTwists2.8ClosedStrings2.9GhostElimination2.100SummaryReferences3Superstrings3.1SupersymmetricPointParticles3.2Two-DimensionalSupersymmetry3.3Trees3.4LocalTwo-DimensionalSupersymmetry3.5Quantization3.6GSOProjection3.7Superstrings3.8LightConeQuantizationoftheGSAction3.9VerticesandTrees3.10SummaryReferences4ConformalFieldTheoryandKac——MoodyAlgebras4.1ConformalFieldTheory4.2SuperconformalFieldTheory4.3SpinFields4.4SuperconformalGhosts4.5FermionVertex4.6SpinorsandTrees4.7Kac-MoodyAlgebras4.8Supersymmetry4.9SummaryReferences5MulfiloopsandTeichmullerSpaces5.1Unitarity5.2Single-LoopAmplitude5.3HarmonicOscillators5.4Single-LoopSuperstringAmplitudes5.5ClosedLoops5.6MultiloopAmplitudes5.7RiemannSurfacesandTeichmiillerSpaces5.8ConformalAnomaly5.9Superstrings5.10DeterminantsandSingularities5.11ModuliSpaceandGrassmannians5.12SummaryReferencesⅡSecondQuantizationandtheSearchforGeometry6LightConeFieldTheory6.1WhyStringFieldTheory?6.2DerivingPointParticleFieldTheory6.3LightConeFieldTheory6.4Interactions6.5NeumannFunctionMethod6.6EquivalenceoftheScatteringAmplitudes6.7Four-StringInteraction6.8SuperstringFieldTheory6.9SummaryReferences7BRSTFieldTheory7.1CovariantStringFieldTheory7.2BRSTFieldTheory7.3GaugeFixing7.4Interactions7.5Witten'sStringFieldTheory7.6ProofofEquivalence7.7ClosedStringsandSuperstrings7.8SummaryReferencesⅢPhenomenologyandModelBuilding8AnomaliesandtheAtiyah-SingerTheorem8.1BeyondGUTPhenomenology8.2AnomaliesandFeynmanDiagrams8.3AnomaliesintheFunctionalFormalism8.4AnomaliesandCharacteristicClasses8.5DiracIndex8.6GravitationalandGaugeAnomalies8.7AnomalyCancellationinStrings8.8SummaryReferences9HeteroticStringsandCompactification9.1Compactification9.2TheHeteroticString9.3Spectrum9.4CovariantandFermionicFormulations9.5Trees9.6Single-LoopAmplitude9.7EsandKac——MoodyAlgebras9.8LorentzianLattices9.9SummaryReferences10Calabi——YauSpacesandOrbifolds10.1Calabi-YauSpaces10.2ReviewofdeRahmCohomology10.3CohomologyandHomology10.4K/ihlerManifolds10.5EmbeddingtheSpinConnection10.6FermionGenerations10.7WilsonLines10.8Orbifoids10.9Four-DimensionalSuperstrings10.10SummaryReferencesⅣM-Theory11M-TheoryandDuality11.1Introduction11.2DualityinPhysics11.3WhyFiveStringTheories?11.4T-Duality11.5S-Duality11.5.1TypeIIATheory11.5.2TypeIIBTheory11.5.3M-TheoryandTypeIIBTheory11.5.4E8E8HeteroticString11.5.5TypeIStrings11.6SummaryReferences12CompactificationsandBPSStates12.1BPSStates12.2SupersymmetryandP-Branes12.3Compactification12.4Example:D=612.4.1D=6,N=(2,2)Theory12.4.2D=6,N=(1,1)Theories12.4.3M-TheoryinD=712.5Example:D=4,N=2andD=6,N=112.6SymmetryEnhancementandTensionlessStrings12.7F-Theory12.8Example:D=412.9SummaryReferences13Solitons,D-Branes,andBlackHoles13.1Solitons13.2SupermembraneActions13.3Five-BraheAction13.4D-Branes13.5D-BraneActions13.6M(atrix)ModelsandMembranes13.7BlackHoles13.8Summary13.9ConclusionReferencesAppendixA.1ABriefIntroductiontoGroupTheoryA.2ABriefIntroductiontoGeneralRelativityA.3ABriefIntroductiontotheTheoryofFormsA.4ABriefIntroductiontoSupersymmetryA.5ABriefIntroductiontoSupergravityA.6NotationReferencesIndex
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