夸克、轻子和规范场（第2版）

《夸克、轻子和规范场(第2版)》简明地介绍了在这些思想背后的动力，以及由此而来的严谨的数学系统表述。依据通行的观点，物质的基本彻块是夸克与轻子，它们通过杨-米尔斯规范场的媒介相互作用(在这种场合下引力被忽略了)。这就意味着相互作用的形式是完全由某些内部对称群的代数结构所决定的。于是强相互作用是与SU(3)群相关联的，它是由叫做量子色动力学的规范场理论所描述的。而电一弱相互作用则是与SU(2)XU(1)群相关联的，现在它是由标准的温伯格-萨拉姆模型来描述的。

PREFACE
Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION
1.1ParticlesandInteractions
1.2GaugeTheoriesofInteractions
1.3NotationsandConventions
Ⅱ.QUARKS
2.1InternalSymmetries
1Isospin
2Thegaugegroups
3Moregeneralinternalsymmetries:SU(n)
4Unitarysymmetry
2.2RepresentationofSU(3)
1Thebasicrepresentation
2Youngstableaux
3Irreduciblerepresentations
2.3TheQuarkModel
1Quarksasbasictriplets
2Quarksasbuildingblocks
3Weightdiagrams
4Thecompositionofhadrons
2.4Color
1Independentquarkmodel
2ColorSU(3)group
2.5ElectromagneticandWeakProbes
1Electromagneticinteractions
2Partonmodel
3Evidenceforcolor
4Weakinteractions
2.6Charm
1Thecharmedquark
2TheJ/φanditsfamily
3Correspondencebetweenquarksandleptons
Ⅲ.MAXWELLFIELD:U(I)GAUGETHEORY
3.1GlobalandLocalGaugeInvariance
3.2SpontaneousBreakingofGlobalGaugeInvariance:GoldstoneMode
3.3SpontaneousBreakingofLocalGaugeInvariance:HiggsMode
3.4ClassicalFinite-EnergySolutions
3.5MagneticFluxQuantization
3.6SolitonSolutions:VortexLines
Ⅳ.YANG-MILLSFIELDS:NON-ABELIANGAUGETHEORIES
4.1IntroductoryNote
4.2LieGroups
1Structureconstants
2Matrixrepresentations
3Topologicalproperties
4Generalremarks
4.3TheYang-MillsConstructions
1Globalgaugeinvariance
2Localgaugeinvariance
4.4PropertiesofYang-MilisFields
1Electricandmagneticfields
2Dualtensor
3Pathrepresentationofthegaugegroup
4.5CanonicalFormalism
1Equationsofmotion
2Hamiltonian
4.6SpontaneousSymmetryBreaking
1Thelittlegroup
2Higgsmechanism
Ⅴ.TOPOLOGICALSOLITONS
5.1Solitons
5.2TheInstanton
1Topologicalcharge
2Explicitsolution
5.3TheMonopole
1Topologicalstability
2Fluxquantization
3Boundaryconditions
4Explicitsolution
5Physicalfields
6Spinfromisospin
Ⅵ.WEINBERG-SALAMMODEL
6.1TheMatterFields
6.2TheGaugeFields
1GaugingSU(2)×U(1)
2Determinationofconstants
3Interactions
6.3TheGeneralTheory
1Massterms
2Cabibboangle
3Kobayashi-Maskawamatrix
4Solitons
Ⅶ.METHODOFPATHINTEGRALS
7.1Non-RelativisticQuantumMechanics
7.2QuantumFieldTheory
7.3ExternalSources
7.4Euclidean4-Space
7.5CalculationofPathIntegrals
7.6TheFeynman.Propagator
7.7FeynmanGraphs
7.8BosonLoopsandFermionLoops
7.9FermionFields
Ⅷ.QUANTIZATIONOFGAUGEFIELDS
8.1CanonicalQuantization
1FreeMaxwellfield
2PureYang-Millsfields
8.2PathIntegralMethodinHamiltonianForm
8.3FeynmanPathIntegral:Fadeev-PopovMethod
8.4FreeMaxwellField
1Lorentzgauge
2Coulombgauge
3Temporalandaxialgauges
8.5PureYang-MillsFields
IAxialgauge
2Lorentzgauge:Fadeev-Popovghosts
8.6The0-WorldandtheInstanton
1Discoveringthe0-world
2lnstantonastunnelingsolution
3The0-action
8.7GribovAmbiguity
8.8ProjectionOperatorforGaussLaw
Ⅸ.RENORMALIZATION
9.1ChargeRenormalization
9.2PerturbativeRenormalizationinQuantumElectredynamics
9.3TheRenormalizationGroup
1Scaletransformations
2Scalingform
3Fixedpoints
4Callan-Symanzikequation
9.4ScalarFields
1Renormalizability
2Φ4theory
3"Triviality"andtheLandaughost
9.5ThePhysicsofRenormalization
1Renormalization-grouptransformation
2Real-spacerenormalization
3Fixedpointsandrelevancy
4Renormalizationanduniversality
AppendixtoChapter9.RenormalizationofQED
1Vertex
2ElectronPropagator
3PhotonPropagator
4ScalingProperties
5Renormalization
6GaugeInvarianceandthePhotonMass
Ⅹ.METHODOFEFFECTIVEPOTENTIAL
10.1SpontaneousSymmetryBreaking
10.2TheEffectiveAction
10.3TheEffectivePotential
10.4TheLoopExpansion
10.5One-LoopEffectivePotential
10.6Renormalization
1Generalscheme
2Massivecase
3Masslesscase
10.7DimensionalTransmutation
10.8ANon-RelativisticExample
10.9ApplicationtoWeinberg-SalamModel
Ⅺ.THEAXIALANOMALY
11.1OriginoftheAxialAnomaly
11.2TheTriangleGraph
11.3AnomalousDivergenceoftheChiralCurrent
11.4PhysicalExplanationoftheAxialAnomaly
11.5CancellationofAnomalies
11.6tHooftsPrinciple
Ⅻ.QUANTUMCHROMODYNAMICS
12.1GeneralProperties
1Lagrangiandensity
2Feynmanrules
3Quark-gluoninteractions
4Gluonself-interactions
12.2TheColorGyromagneticRatio
12.3AsymptoticFreedom
1Therunningcouplingconstant
2Thevacuumasmagneticmedium
3TheNielsen-Hughesformula
12.4ThePionasGoldstoneBoson
1Thelow-energydomain
2Chiralsymmetry:anidealizedlimit
3PCAC
4Thedecayπ0→2y
5Extensiontopionoctet
12.5TheU(1)Puzzle
12.6θ-WorldsinQCD
1Euclideanaction
2Theaxialanomalyandtheindextheorem
3Chirallimit:Collapseofthe0-worlds
4Quarkmassmatrix
5StrongCPviolation
ⅩⅢ.LATTICEGAUGETHEORY
13.1WilsonsLatticeAction
13.2TransferMatrix
13.3LatticeHamiltonian
13.4LatticeFermions
13.5WilsonLoopandConfinement
13.6ContinuumLimit
13.7MonteCarloMethods
ⅩⅣ.QUARKCONFINEMENT
14.1WilsonCriterionandElectricConfmement
14.2StringModelofHadrons
14.3Superconductivity:MagneticConfinement
1Experimentalmanifestation
2Theory
3Mechanismformonopoleconfinement
14.4ElectricandMagneticOrderParameters
14.5ScenarioforQuarkConfinement
AppendixtoChapter14.SymmetryandConfinement
1QuarkPropagator
2CenterSymmetry
3ConfinementasSymmetry
INDEX