目录 PREFACE ABOUT THE AUTHORS INTRODUCTION THE IDEA OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION CHAPTER 1 THE FIRSTCIVILIZATIONS INTRODUCTION BEFORE CIVILIZATION The Dominance of Culture Social Organization, Agriculture, and Religion MESOPOTAMIA The Ramparts of Uruk Tools: Technology and Writing Gods and Mortals in Mesopotamia Hammurabi and the Old Babylonian Empire THE GIFT OF THENILE 10 Tending the Cattle of God Democratization of the Afterlife BETWEEN TWO WORLDS The Hebrew Alternative A King Like All the Nations Exile NINEVEH AND BABYLON The Assyrian Empire The New Babylonian Empire CONCLUSION QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW VOCABULARY DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING CHAPTER 2 GREEK PERIOD INTRODUCTION 18 GREECE IN THE BRONZE AGE TO 700 B.C.E. Islands of Peace 20 Mainland of War 21 The Dark Age 21 ARCHAIC GREECE, 700-500 B.C.E. Ethnos and Polls Technology of Writing Gods and Mortals Myth and Reason Art and the Individual Democratic Athens CLASSICAL AND HELLENISTIC GREECE, 500-100 B.C.E. ALEXANDER AT ISSUS ATHENIAN CULTURE IN THE HELLENIC AGE The Examined Life Understanding the Past Athenian Drama Philosophy and the Polis The Rise of Macedon The Empire of Alexander the Great Binding Together an Empire THE HELLENISTIC WORLD Urban Life and Culture Alexandria Architecture and Art Hellenistic Philosophy Mathematics and Science CONCLUSION QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW VOCABULARY DISCOVERING WESTERN CIVILIZATION ONLINE SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING CHAPTER 3 THE ROMAN PERIOD INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 4 THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CLASSICAL WORLD, 192–500 CHAPTER 5 THE CLAS S ICAL L EGACY IN THE EAST:BYZANTIUM AND ISLAM CHAPTER 6 THE WEST IN THE MIDDLE AGES CHAPTER 7 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE CHAPTER 8 THE REFORM OF RELIGION CHAPTER 9 THE PERIOD OF MODERN EUROPE CHAPTER 10 THE ENLIGHTENMENT, FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEONIC ERA CHAPTER 11 EUROPE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY CHAPTER 12 EUROPE AND THE WORLD, 1870–1914 CHAPTER 13 WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1914–1920 CHAPTER 14 THE SECOND WORLD WAR CHAPTER 15 THE COLD WAR AND POS-COLD WAR PERIOD, 1945 TO THE PRESENT GLOSSARY
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