万亿级流量转发：BFE核心技术与实现

本书围绕BFE 开源项目，介绍网络前端接入和网络负载均衡的相关技术原理，说明BFE开源软件的设计思想和实现机制，讲解如何基于BFE开源软件搭建网络接入平台。本书共17 章，分为四个部分。部分为原理篇，介绍BFE 开源项目的概貌，并对网络前端接入技术和网络负载均衡技术做简要介绍；第二部分为设计篇，介绍BFE 开源项目的设计细节，包括BFE 的设计思想、BFE 的转发模型、BFE 的关键机制和HTTPS 的优化等；第三部分为操作篇，说明如何安装和部署BFE、如何在各种使用场景下配置BFE；第四部分为实现篇，从处理流程、插件机制、协议实现等方面说明BFE的实现机制。

章淼，百度智能云智能负载均衡架构师、百度代码规范委员会主席（兼）

原 理 篇

第1 章 BFE 简介·····························································································3

1.1 什么是BFE·························································································3

1.2 BFE平台介绍·····················································································4

1.2.1 为什么需要构建BFE 平台·····················································4

1.2.2 BFE平台的主要功能·····························································6

1.3 BFE开源项目介绍·············································································7

1.3.1 BFE平台的模块组成·····························································7

1.3.2 BFE开源项目中的内容··························································9

第2 章 网络前端接入技术简介·····································································10

2.1 什么是网络前端接入········································································10

2.2 网络前端接入面临的挑战································································11

2.3 百度的网络前端接入方案································································13

2.4 网络前端接入技术的发展趋势························································15

第3 章 网络负载均衡技术简介·····································································24

3.1 负载均衡的概念···············································································24

3.2 网络负载均衡功能的实现································································25

深入理解BFE

·VI·

3.2.1 机制说明···············································································25

3.2.2 两种方式对比········································································27

3.3 四层负载均衡和七层负载均衡························································28

设 计 篇

第4 章 BFE 的设计思想················································································33

4.1 BFE转发引擎重构的缘起································································33

4.2 BFE为什么要基于Go 语言·····························································34

4.3 BFE转发引擎的主要设计思想························································37

4.4 BFE和相关开源项目的对比····························································38

第5 章 BFE 的转发模型················································································42

5.1 转发模型概述···················································································42

5.1.1 基本概念···············································································42

5.1.2 转发过程···············································································43

5.1.3 对多租户实现机制的讨论····················································46

5.2 BFE的路由转发机制·······································································47

5.3 条件表达式·······················································································49

5.3.1 设计思想···············································································49

5.3.2 基本概念···············································································50

5.3.3 语法介绍···············································································51

5.3.4 条件原语匹配的内容····························································52

5.3.5 条件原语名称的规范····························································54

5.4 内网流量调度机制············································································55

5.4.1 内网流量调度背景介绍························································55

5.4.2 内网流量调度工作机制························································60

目 录

·VII·

5.4.3 内网转发的其他机制····························································65

第6 章 与转发相关的关键机制·····································································68

6.1 健康检查机制···················································································68

6.1.1 健康检查的原理····································································69

6.1.2 主动健康检查和被动健康检查············································69

6.1.3 分布式健康检查和集中式健康检查····································73

6.1.4 BFE的健康检查···································································77

6.2 超时设置···························································································77

6.2.1 BFE和客户端间通信的超时·····································