液压与气压传动

本书除了介绍液压与气压传动的基本原理、基本概念，还介绍机床、工程机械等多个行业设备中液压系统常用的液压元件、典型液压系统等。全书共10 章，第1～2 章为基础知识，包括液压与气压传动的基本原理和基本概念，以及液压流体力学基础；第3～6 章介绍液压传动常用的液压元件、液压油和液压系统辅助元件；第7～8 章介绍液压基本回路和典型液压回路；第9 章介绍液压系统设计与计算，通过一个设计实例阐明一般液压系统的设计原则、方法和步骤；第10 章介绍气压传动，包括常用的气压传动元件（简称气动元件）、气压传动基本回路（简称气动基本回路）和气压传动系统（简称气动系统）实例。

作者姚林晓：主要从事工程机械润滑装置三维设计及流动仿真模拟方面的教学科研工作。主持并参与省厅级科研项目12项，横向课题8项，获奖10项，其中作为主持获奖4项，○1\"基于辛几何学的大型柔性空间结构动力特性研究”○2\"柔性多体智能结构滑模控制研究与工程应用” ○3\"车辆集中润滑系统润滑脂流动仿真模拟及工程应用”这三项分别获河南省教育厅科技成果一等奖，○4\"车辆集中润滑系统润滑脂流动仿真模拟及工程应用”获河南省科技进步二等奖；主编和副主编出版教材各1部，参编学术专著1部；发表论文12篇，其中三篇作者论文分获河南省优秀论文二等奖和三等奖，SCI、EI收录论文4篇。授权专利7项。从事教学工作20年来，主要担任了液压与气压传动、机械原理和机械设计基础课程的本科生教学任务和计算流体力学的研究生教学任务。

目 录

第1 章 绪论 ·················································································································.1

1.1 液压与气压传动基本原理、组成和图形符号 ·······························································.2

1.1.1 液压与气压传动基本原理 ·············································································.2

1.1.2 液压与气压传动系统的组成 ··········································································.4

1.1.3 液压传动图形符号 ······················································································.5

1.2 液压与气压传动的优缺点 ·······················································································.6

1.2.1 液压与气压传动的优点 ················································································.6

1.2.2 液压与气压传动的缺点 ················································································.6

1.3 液压与气压传动的应用与发展 ·················································································.7

1.3.1 液压与气压传动的应用 ················································································.7

1.3.2 液压与气压传动技术的发展 ··········································································.8

1.4 本书内容安排 ······································································································.8

本章小结 ···················································································································.9

思考与练习 ················································································································.9

第2 章 液压流体力学 ·································································································.10

2.1 液体的主要物理性质 ···························································································.10

2.1.1 密度 ······································································································.10

2.1.2 压缩性和膨胀性 ·······················································································.11

2.1.3 黏性 ······································································································.11

2.2 液体静力学 ·······································································································.13

2.2.1 液体所受的作用力 ····················································································.13

2.2.2 静止液体微分方程的推导 ···········································································.14

2.2.3 静止液体微分方程的应用 ···········································································.15

2.2.4 压力的表示方法及单位 ··············································································.17

2.3 流动液体的力学基本规律 ·····················································································.18

2.3.1 经典流体力学研究方法介绍 ········································································.18

2.3.2 流动液体力学的基本概念 ···········································································.19

2.3.3 流动液体的连续性方程 ··············································································.20

2.3.4 理想液体流动的微分方程 ···········································································.20

2.3.5 伯努利方程 ·····························································································.21

2.3.6 动量方程 ································································································.22

2.4 液体在流动中的能量损失 ·····················································································.24

2.4.1 流态实验和雷诺数 ····················································································.24

2.4.2 液体圆管流动中的沿程压力损失 ··································································.26

2.4.3 液体流动中的局部压力损失 ········································································.29

2.4.4 管道系统中的总压力损失和压力效率 ····························································.30

2.5 液体在小孔和缝隙中的流动 ··················································································.32

2.5.1 液体在小孔中的流动 ·················································································.32

2.5.2 液体在缝隙中的流动 ·················································································.34

2.6 液压卡紧问题 ·····················································