Chapter One The English Renaissance （1500-1625） Introduction to the Background William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 The Merchant of Venice Chapter Two The Seventeenth Century （1625-1700） Introduction to the Background John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning Sonnet 10 John Milton Paradise Lost Chapter Three The Eighteenth Century （1700-1798） Introduction to the Background Daniel Defoe The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe Robert Burns Selected Poems William Blake Selected Poems Chapter Four The Romantic Period （1798-1832） Introduction to the Background William Wordsworth Selected Poems Percy Bysshe Shelley Ode to the West Wind John Keats Ode to a Nightingale Jane Austen Emma Chapter Five The Victorian Age （1832-1901） Introduction to the Background Charles Dickens Oliver Twist William Makepeace Thackeray Vanity Fair Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights Thomas Hardy Tess of the D~Urbervilles The Darkling Thrush Chapter Six The Twentieth Century （1900） Introduction to the Background Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness William Butler Yeats The Second Coming Thomas Stearns Eliot The Love Song bf J. Alfred Prufrock James Joyce A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man D. H. Lawrence Women in Love Katherine Mansfield The Garden Party Virginia Woolf Mrs Dalloway Edward Morgan Forster A Passage to India Samuel Beckett Waiting for Godot William Golding Lord of the Flies John Fowles The French Lieutenant's Woman Doris Lessing A Road to the Big City Key References
书摘（网上拷贝的，似乎不完整） The Renaissance as an epoch of social and cultural development embraced all WesternEurope. It is the term given to the revival of interest in the Greek and Latin culture whichbegan in Italy in the late fourteenth century and gradually spread throughout Europe. Theinfluence of this movement was not confined to literature, music and the fine arts, butaffected the whole development of civilization, so that the Renaissance became a broaddividing line between the Middle Ages and the Modern Ages. The Renaissance came to aflowering in the fifteenth century and then in the sixteenth century it spread to France,and thence to Germany and England and Spain and the Low Countries （i. e. Holland andBelgium）. During the period of the English Renaissance, England enjoyed stability andprosperity. The English Renaissance didn't really begin until the reign of Henry VIII（1509-1547）. It was Henry VIII who started the Protestant Reformation. He wanted hismarriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled because she had not given him a male heir.When the Pope in Rome refused, Henry broke with the Roman Catholic Church,established the Anglican Church and made himself its powerful head in 1534. Besides,Henry VIII's policy was supported by the rich merchants and handicraftsmen in townswho were developing into a new class——the class of bourgeoisie. With the development ofthe wool trade, the moneyed classes seized more and more land out of the hands of thepeasants, and the peasants had to earn their living in towns as laborers. This is known asthe Enclosure Movement. During the reign of Elizabeth I （reigned 1558-1603）, absolute monarchy in Englandreached its summit and England became one of the great sea powers of the world. In 1588Philip II, king of Spain and the mo
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