世界名著典藏系列：道德情操论（英文全本）

　　《世界名著典藏系列：道德情操论（英文全本）》是亚当·斯密的伦理学著作，他一生中共修订过六次。斯密从人类的情感和同情心出发，讨论了善恶、美丑、正义、责任等一系列概念，进而揭示出人类社会赖以维系、和谐发展的秘密。

　　在《世界名著典藏系列：道德情操论（英文全本）》中，斯密继承了以《沉思录》为代表的斯多葛学派的道德哲学思想，把“内心平静”而不是“物质享乐”看作人生幸福的重要标志，将人性中利他和利己这两种本性有机地结合在一起，为之后出版的《国富论》奠定了道德哲学的基础。《道德情操论》相比《?富论》给西方世界带来的影响更为深远，它对于促进人类福利这一更大的社会目的起到了更为基本的作用，是市场经济良性运行不可或缺的“圣经”，堪称西方世界的《论语》。

亚当 斯密（1723～1790）是经济学的主要创立者。1723年亚当斯密出生在苏格兰法夫郡（County Fife）的寇克卡迪（Kirkcaldy）。亚当 斯密的父亲也叫亚当 斯密，是律师、也是苏格兰的军法官和寇克卡迪的海关监督，在亚当斯密出生前几个月去世；母亲玛格丽特（Margaret）是法夫郡斯特拉森德利（Strathendry）大地主约翰 道格拉斯（John Douglas）的女儿，亚当斯密一生与母亲相依为命，终身未娶。这位英国苏格兰哲学家和经济学家，他所著的《国富论》成为了第一本试图阐述欧洲产业和商业发展历史的著作。这本书发展出了现代的经济学学科，也提供了现代自由贸易、资本主义和自由意志主义的理论基础。

1PartI

1.1OftheSenseofPropriety

1.1.1OfSympathy

1.1.2OfthePleasureofmutualSympathy

1.1.3OftheMannerinwhichwejudgeoftheProprietyorIm-

proprietyoftheAffectionsofotherMen,bytheirconcord

ordissonancewithoutown

1.1.4ThesameSubjectcontinued

1.1.5OftheamiableandrespectableVirtues

1.2OftheDegreesofthedifferentPassionswhichareconsistentwithPropriety

1.2.1OfthePassionswhichtaketheiroriginfromtheBody

1.2.2OfthosePassionswhichtaketheiroriginfromapartic-ularturnorhabitoftheImagination

1.2.3OftheUnsocialPassions

1.2.4OftheSocialPassions

1.2.5OftheSelfishPassions

1.3OftheEffectsofProsperityandAdversityupontheJudgment

ofMankindwithregardtotheProprietyofAction;andwhyit

ismoreeasytoobtaintheirApprobationintheonestatethan

intheother

1.3.1ThatthoughoursympathywithSorrowisgenerallya

morelivelysensationthanoursympathywithJoy,it

commonlyfallsmuchmoreshortoftheviolenceofwhat

isnaturallyfeltbythepersonprincipallyconcerned

1.3.2OftheoriginofAmbition,andofthedistinctionofRanks

1.3.3OfthecorruptionofourMoralSentiments,whichisoc-

casionedbythisdispositiontoadmiretherichandthe

great,andtodespiseorneglectpersonsofpoorandmean

condition

2PartII

2.1OftheSenseofMeritandDemerit

2.1.1Thatwhateverappearstobetheproperobjectofgrat-

itude,appearstodeservereward;andthat,inthesame

manner,whateverappearstobetheproperobjectofresentmentappearstodeservepunishment

2.1.2OftheproperObjectsofGratitudeandResentment

2.1.3Thatwherethereisnoapprobationoftheconductofthe

personwhoconfersthebenefit,thereislittlesympathy,

withthegratitudeofhimwhoreceivesit;andthat,onthe

contrary,wherethereisnodisapprobationofthemotives

ofthepersonwhodoesthemischief,thereisnosortof

sympathywiththeresentmentofhimwhosuffersit

2.1.4RecapitulationoftheforegoingChapters

2.1.5TheAnalysisoftheSenseofMeritandDemerit

2.2OfJusticeandBeneficence

2.2.1ComparisonofthosetwoVirtues

2.2.2.OfthesenseofJustice,ofRemorse,andoftheconscious-

nessofMerit

2.2.3OftheutilityofthisconstitutionofNature

2.3OftheInfluenceofFortuneupontheSentimentsofMankind,

withregardtotheMeritorDemeritofActions

2.3.1OftheCausesofthisInfluenceofFortune

2.3.2OftheExtentofthisInfluenceofFortune

2.3.3OfthefinalcauseofthisIrregularityofSentiments

3PartIII

3.1OfthePrincipleofSelf-approbationandofSelf-disapprobation

3.2OftheloveofPraise,andofthatofPraise-worthiness;andofthedreadofBlame,

andofthatofBlame-worthiness

3.3OftheInfluencesandAuthorityofConscience

3.4OftheNatureofSelf-deceit,andoftheOriginandUseofgeneralRules

3.5OftheInfluenceandAuthorityofthegeneralRulesofMorality,

andthattheyarejustlyregardedastheLawsoftheDeity

3.6InwhatcasestheSenseofDutyoughttobethesolePrinciple

ofourConduct;andinwhatcasesitoughttoconcurwithother

Motives

4PartIV

4.1OftheBeautywhichtheAppearanceofUtilitybestowsupon

alltheProductionsofArt,andoftheextensiveInfluenceofthis

SpeciesofBeauty

4.2OftheBeautywhichtheAppearanceofUtilitybestowsupon

theCharactersandActionsofMen;andhowfarthePerception

ofthisBeautymayberegardedasoneoftheoriginalPrinciples

ofApprobation

5PartV

5.1OftheInfluenceofCustomandFashionuponournotionsof

BeautyandDeformity

5.2OftheInfluenceofCustomandFashionuponMoralSentiments

6PartVI

6.1OftheCharacteroftheIndividual,sofarasitaffectshisown

Happiness;orofPrudence

6.2OftheCharacteroftheIndividual,sofarasitcanaffectthe

HappinessofotherPeople

6.2.1OftheOrderinwhichIndividualsarerecommendedby

Naturetoourcareandattention

6.2.2OftheOrderinwhichSocietiesarebynaturerecommendedtoourBeneficence

6.2.3OfUniversalBenevolence

6.3OfSelf-command

7PartVII

7.1OftheQuestionswhichoughttobeexaminedinaTheoryof

MoralSentiments

7.2OfthedifferentAccountswhichhavebeengivenoftheNatureofVirtue

7.2.1OfthoseSystemswhichmakeVirtueconsistinPropriety

7.2.2OfthoseSystemswhichmakeVirtueconsistinPrudence

7.2.3OfthoseSystemswhichmakeVirtueconsistinBenevolence

7.2.4OfLicentiousSystems

7.3OftheDifferentSystemswhichhavebeenFormedConcerning

thePrincipleofApprobation

7.3.1OfthoseSystemswhichdeducethePrincipleofApprobationfromSelf-love

7.3.2OfthoseSystemswhichmakeReasonthePrincipleofApprobation

7.3.3OfthoseSystemswhichmakeSentimentthePrincipleofApprobation

7.4OftheMannerinwhichdifferentAuthorshavetreatedofthe

practicalRulesofMorality