1.Introduction
SEQUENCESTRATIGRAPHY——ANOVERVIEW1
SequenceStratigraphyintheContextof
InterdisciplinaryResearchI
SequenceStratigraphy——ARevolutioninSedimentary
Geology3
HISTORICALDEVELOPMENTOFSEQUENCE
STRATIGRAPHY3
EarlyDevelopments3
SequenceStratigraphyEra——Eustaticvs.Tectonic
ControlsonSedimentation4
SequenceModels6
SEQUENCESTRATIGRAPHICAPPROACH7
Terminology7
ConceptofScale9
SequenceStratigraphyvs.Lithostratigraphyand
Allostratigraphy10
2.MethodsofSequenceStratigraphic
Analysis
INTRODUCTION17
FACIESANALYSIS:OUTCROPS,CORE,ANDMODERNANALOGUES17
ConceptsofDepositionalSystem,Facies,andFaciesModels17
ClassificationofDepositionalEnvironments18
WalthersLaw21
SedimentaryPetrography21
PaleocurrentDirections25
Pedology25
Ichnology31
GeneralPrinciples31
IchnofaciesClassification32
Softground.relatedIchnofacies33
Substrate-controlledIchnofacies36
Discussion40
WELLLOGS4O
Introduction40
WellLogs:GeologicalUncertainties42
ConstrainingWell-logInterpretations44
SEISMICDATA48
Introduction48
PhysicalAttributesofSeismicData50
WorkflowofSeismicDataAnalysis51
ReconnaissanceStudies51
IntervalAttributeMaps52
HorizonAttributeMaps56
3DPerspectiveVisualization56
AGEDETERMINATIONTECHNIQUES58
WORKFLOWOFSEQUENCESTRAT1GRAPHIC
ANALYSIS63
Step1TectonicSetting(TypeofSedimentaryBasin)63
Step2——PaleodepositionalEnvironments66
Step3——SequenceStratigraphicFramework68
StratalTerminations69
StratigraphicSurfaces69
SystemsTractsandSequences70
3.AccommodationandShorelineShifts
INTRODUCTION73
ALLOGENICCQNTROLSON
SEDIMENTATION73
SignificanceofAllogenicControls73
SignaturesofAllogenicControls75
RelativeImportanceofAllogenicControls76
SEDIMENTSUPPLYANDENERGYFLUX77
SedimentSupply77
SedimentSupplyvs.EnvironmentalEnergyFlux78
SEDIMENTACCOMMODATION81
Definitions——Accommodatipn,BaseLevel,andFluvial
GradedProfiles81
ProxiesforBaseLevelandAccommodation84
ChangesinAccommodation86
SHORELINETRAJECTORIES89
Definitions89
Transgressions92
ForcedRegressions97
NormalRegressions101
4.StratigraphicSurfaces
INTRODUCTION105
TYPESOFSTRATALTERMINATIONS106
SEQUENCESTRATIGRAPHICSURFACES109
SubaerialUnconformity112
CorrelativeConformity119
BasalSurfaceofForcedRegression123
RegressiveSurfaceofMarineErosion127
MaximumRegressiveSurface135
MaximumFloodingSurface142
TransgressiveRavinementSurfaces1"47
Wave.RavinementSurface149
Tlal-RavinementSurface151
WITHIN-TRENDFACIESCONTACTS153
Within-trendNormalRegressiveSurface153
Within-trendForcedRegressiveSurface157
Within-trendFloodingSurface159
5.SystemsTracts
INTRODUCTION165
HIGHSTANDSYSTEMSTRACT171
DefinitionandStackingPatterns171
EconomicPotential176
PetroleumPlays176
CoalResources177
PlacerDeposits178
FALLING-STAGESYSTEMSTRACT178
DefinitionandStackingPatterns178
EconomicPotential189
PetroleumPlays189
CoalResources193
PlacerDeposits194
LOWSTANDSYSTEMSTRACT197
DefinitionandStackingPatterns197
EconomicPotential203
PetroleumPlays203
CoalResources204
PlacerDeposits204
TRANSGRESSIVESYSTEMSTRACT205
DefinitionandStackingPatterns205
EconomicPotential215
PetroleumPlays215
CoalResources218
PlacerDeposits219
REGRESSIVESYSTEMSTRACT219
DefinitionandStackingPatterns219
EconomicPotential222
LOW-ANDHIGH-ACCOMMODATIONSYSTEMS
TRACTS222
DefinitionandStackingPatterns222
Low-AccommodationSystemsTract223
H-AccommodationSystemsTract227
Discussion229
EconomicPotential232
PetroleumPlays233
CoalResources233
PlacerDeposits233
6.SequenceModels
INTRODUCTION235
TYPESOFSTRATIGRAPHICSEQUENCES237
DepositionalSequence237
GeneticStratigraphicSequence240
Transgressive-Regressive(T-R)Sequence241
Parasequences243
SEQUENCESINFLUVIALSYSTEMS246
Introduction246
FluvialCyclicityControlledbyBase-levelChanges248
FluvialCyclicityIndependentofBase-levelChanges250
ClimaticCycles251
TectonicCycles252
Low-vs.High-AccommodationSettings253
SEQUENCESINCOASTALTOSHALLOW-WATER
eLASTICSYSTEMS253
Introduction253
PhysicalProcesses254
SedimentSupplyandTransportMechanisms254
ZonationoftheCoastal——Shallow-marineProfile256
SedimentBudget:Fairweathervs.StormConditions260
CyclicityofCoastaltoShallow-waterSystemsin
RelationtoShorelineShifts260
NormalRegressiveSettings260
ForcedRegressiveSettings260
TransgressiveSettings261
Summary261
SEQUENCESINDEEP-WATEReLASTIC
SYSTEMS262
Introduction262
PhysicalProcesses263
ProgradationofShelf-edgeDeltas263
GravityFlows265
DepositionalElements266
Submarine-canyonFills267
Turbidity-flowChannelFills267
Turbidity.flowLeveesandOverbankSedimentWaves270
Turbidity-flowSplayComplexes271
Mudflow(CohesiveDebrisFlow)Macroforms273
CyclicityofDeep-waterSystemsinRelationto
ShorelineShifts276
HighstandNormalRegressions276
EarlyForcedRegressions276
LateForcedRegressions276
LowstandNormalRegressions277
EarlyTransgressions277
LateTransgressions278
Summary278
SEQUENCESINCARBONATESYSTEMS279
Introduction279
TheCarbonateSequenceStratigraphicModel282
DrowningUnconformities283
HighstandSystemsTracts283
Falling-stage——LowstandSystemsTracts285
TransgressiveSystemsTracts285
Discussion:SequenceBoundariesinCarbonate
Successions287
7.TimeAttributesofStratigraphic
Surfaces
INTRODUCTION291
REFERENCECURVEFORTHEDEFINITION
OFSTRATIGRAPHICSURFACES292
SHORELINESHIFTS,GRADING,
ANDBATHYMETRY294
ControlsonSedimentGradingandWater-depth
Changes294
Discussion303
METHODSOFDEFINITIONOFSTRATIGRAPHIC
SURFACES308
Introduction308
CorrelativeConformities308
Onset-of-fallCorrelativeConformity308
End-of-fallCorrelativeConformity309
MaximumRegressiveandMaximumFlooding
Surfaces310
Definition310
Two-dimensionalModel311
ModeIResults312
StrikeVariability314
Discussion314
SUMMARY:TIMEATTRIBUTESOF
STRATIGRAPHICSURFACES319
SubaerialUnconformity319
CorrelativeConformity322
BasalSurfaceofForcedRegression322
RegressiveSurfaceofMarineErosion322
MaximumRegressiveSurface323
MaximumFloodingSurface323
TransgressiveRavinementSurfaces324
Within-trendFaciesContacts324
Conclusions325
8.HierarchyofSequencesand
SequenceBoundaries
INTRODUCTION327
HIERARCHYSYSTEMBASEDONCYCLE
DURATION(BOUNDARYFREQUENCY)329
HIERARCHYSYSTEMBASEDONTHE
MAGNITUDEOFBASE-LEVELCHANGES330
DISCUSSION332
9.DiscussionandConclusions
FUNDAMENTALPRINCIPLES335
ScopeandApplications335
TheImportanceofShorelineShifts336
Theoryvs.RealityinSequenceStratigraphy337
TheImportanceoftheTectonicSetting338
UsesandAbusesinSequenceStratigraphy339
PRECAMBRIANVS.PHANEROZOICSEQUENCI
STRATIGRAPHY339
MOVINGFORWARDTOWARDSTANDARDIZIN
SEQUENCESTRATIGRAPHY340
CONCLUDINGREMARKS342
REFERENCES345
AUTHORINDEX361
SUBJECTINDEX369